Stomata open and close to allow the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen. Most plants have such a distribution. Stomata cover 1-2% of leaf area. Pathogens can spread from plant to plant and may infect all types of plant tissue including leaves, shoots, stems, crowns, roots, tubers, fruit, seeds and vascular tissues (Figure 62). The stomata close, cutting off transpiration and gas exchange. Algae, fungi and submerged plants do not possess stomata. Consequently, leaves, stems and roots of plants separately exchange gases. B. • A hypostomatous leaf has stomata only on the lower surface. A. This adaptation helps cacti reduce water loss by keeping the hot, dry wind from blowing directly across the stomata. Stomata are the holes in plant leaves through which they transpire water. For the purposes of discussing plant pathology, only plant disease pathogens will be discussed. Which of the following describes a phenomenon that occurs when we observe plants that wilt? A All of the flowers on the same plant have male and female reproductive organs. Q14. (a) Stomata are minute pores of eliptical shape, consists of two specialized epidermal cell called guard cells. B The anthers and stigmas on the same plant mature at the same time of year. In many desert plants, stomata very often close during the hottest hours of the day when the cooling effect of transpiration would be most advantageous. The Process of Respiration in Plants. C. The roots begin to rot, causing them to no longer uptake water. Plants 'breathe' too, but they do it through tiny openings in leaves called stomata (singular: stoma). (i) State the colour of flower we would expect in their F1progeny. They are called plant pathogens when they infect plants. During respiration, in different plant parts, significantly less exchange of gas takes place. Stomata was discovered by Pfeffer & name ‘stomata’ was given by Malphigii. Hence, each part nourishes and fulfils its own energy requirements. The control of water loss by transpiration is, however, strikingly different in a xerophyte compared to a … CAM plants such as cacti and Opuntia ficus–indica achieve their high water use efficiency by opening their stomata during the cool, desert nights and closing them during the hot, dry days. Leaves possess stomata – tiny pores, for gaseous exchange. 26 During sexual reproduction in plants, what will give rise to the greatest variation in the offspring? The stomata of many cacti lie deep in the plants’ tissues. Stomata can be distributed in the following ways on the two sides of a leaf: • An amphistomatous leaf has stomata on both surfaces. A blue colour flower plant denoted by BB is crossbred with a white colour flower plant denoted by ww. Figure 62. It is minute pore present in soft aerial parts of the plant. C There are separate male and female flowers on the same plant. 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