(2007) and Onodera et al. The number of reads may be prone to being biased by a small number of samples of which feces contained considerable amounts of a plant tissue. Supplementary Data SD3.—Obtained reads for each sequence and individual. Data on the population dynamics of Apodemus species (Saitoh et al. <> All the treatment of live animals followed guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists (Sikes et al. While the 2 Apodemus species shared a species of Fagaceae as major dietary resource, their diets differed in terms of the other plant items. 2); effects of minor dietary items were relatively weakened in the diets of A. speciosus. Overlapping of resource requirements between sympatric species can create interspecific competitive or facilitative effects on the foraging behaviour of herbivores. This clip is from a 2015 Holiday Lecture Series, Patterns and Processes in Ecology. This can be explained partly by the low niche breadth of A. speciosus at this time (especially the observation that species in the Ulmaceae were observed to dominate in June diets; Figs. Chang Y(1)(2), Song S(1), Li A(1), Zhang Y(1), Li Z(1)(3), Xiao Y(1), Jiang T(1), Feng J(1)(2)(3), Lin A(1)(4). Present address of TSh: Department of Wildlife Biology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Japan, Present address of DK: Department of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan, Jun J Sato, Takuya Shimada, Daisuke Kyogoku, Taketo Komura, Shigeru Uemura, Takashi Saitoh, Yuji Isagi, Dietary niche partitioning between sympatric wood mouse species (Muridae: Apodemus) revealed by DNA meta-barcoding analysis, Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 99, Issue 4, 13 August 2018, Pages 952–964, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyy063. 5 0 obj The study site is covered by snow from December to May, making the sampling of the wood mice more difficult. Several complementary mechanisms have been identified, including differential consumption of grasses versus nongrasses and spatiotemporal … Violle, C., D. R.Nemergut, Z.Pu, and L. Jiang. Seasonal changes in the niche breadth (A) and niche overlap (B) of Apodemus argenteus and A. speciosus based on the number of occurrences of plant taxa in the diet. Trophic Structure and Dietary Niche Partitioning Using Stable Isotope Analysis. We are grateful to Y. Akimoto, A. Akimoto, R. Onodera, and H. Wakabayashi for their assistance with fieldwork to capture mice and collect fecal samples, and the staff of the Uryu Experimental Forest, Hokkaido University, for providing support for the field investigation. In this study we aimed to improve our understanding of species coexistence. Dietary profiles of Apodemus argenteus (A) and A. speciosus (B) summarized based on plant families. 2014; Kartzinel et al. 2015). Supplementary Data SD5.—Numbers of occurrence of each diet sequence for individuals. Emrich, M. A., E. L.Clare, W. O.Symondson, S. E.Koenig, and M. B. Fenton. Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Fukuyama University, Higashimura-cho, Aza, Sanzo, Fukuyama, Japan. Annual precipitation is 1,410 mm, and maximum snow depth is 275 cm. 98% (762/781) of total reads for Urticaceae (Supplementary Data SD3) from 1 A. speciosus individual collected in October (TN366, JSFD226). 2008; Cooper et al. 2015; Nakahara et al. In particular, the abundance of food items is an important consideration for species coexistence and niche segregation (Soininen et al. 5G based on the occurrences data). Our findings support this assertion and imply that dietary divergence is … The diversity of these major diet items was clearly different in the 2 species. However, it is not clear what specific ecological niche differences enable phylogenetically overdispersed sympatric mammals in Japan to coexist. a Numbers of reads assigned to the family. Interspecific competitive interactions may be asymmetric; antagonistic effects from A. speciosus to A. argenteus may be greater than the opposite because of their body sizes (Sekijima and Sone 1994). 2015) with the default randomization algorithm, ra3 (Lawlor 1980). <>stream The example above is only one example of niche partitioning. 6. In addition to the binary occurrence data, we also examined the number of the sequence reads generated from the NGS method quantitatively. Among 8 detected sequences identified as the Poaceae species in the BLAST search, 4 sequences showed the highest similarity with the sequence of the oat, Avena sativa, that was used as a bait for trapping mice (30,219 and 17,428 reads for A. argenteus and A. speciosus, respectively; Supplementary Data SD3). b Numbers of occurrence among the Apodemus individuals that ate dietary items that could not be assigned to taxa below family level. Here we assessed this mechanism by testing its core assumption, that evolved differences in foraging behavior correspond with differences in resources consumed. Based on these results, they considered that the extent of the consumption of dietary tannins might differ between the species due to their feeding habits. During early part of lactation, dry matter intake remains suboptimum thus dairy cow is unable to meet out production requirements though intake. There is geographic variation in the breeding season of A. argenteus and A. speciosus along the Japanese archipelago (once or twice per year—Fujimaki 1969, 1970; Yoshida 1972; Murakami 1977), but, in Hokkaido, the majority of breeding activity occurs once from April to September (peak is in July to August) for A. argenteus (Fujimaki 1969, 1970) and once from April to September (peak is in April to June) for A. speciosus (Kondo and Abe 1977). Using BLAST, we performed homology searches for the 51 sequences obtained. Traps were set at 10-m intervals in 2–4 grids (ca. 204 0 obj Sixteen plant families were present in the diets of both mouse species, while 5 families (Apiaceae, Astraceae, Celastraceae, Rosaceae, and Salicaceae) were found only in the diet of A. argenteus, and 6 families only in the diet of A. speciosus (Apocynaceae, Araceae, Cannabaceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Urticaeae). Considering that the 2 Apodemus species are distributed in sympatry throughout the Japanese islands from the northern subarctic to southern temperate humid climates (Ohdachi et al. Yang Chang. 2016). See Supplementary Data SD1 for concentration and purity of the isolated DNA. Thus, it is interesting that A. speciosus, which has a greater tolerance of tannins, consumed the Fraxinus species in autumn (when Fraxinus species produce seeds) more frequently than A. argenteus. Sept. and Oct. are abbreviations for September and October, respectively. These results suggest that A. argenteus and A. speciosus partition themselves by adopting a generalist and a specialist strategy, respectively. 2014). 139 0 obj Seed-seed predator interactions of European beech, DNA metabarcoding illuminates dietary niche partitioning by African large herbivores, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, DNA barcodes for ecology, evolution, and conservation, Structure and stability in natural and randomly constructed competitive communities, DNA metabarcoding diet analysis for species with parapatric vs sympatric distribution: a case study on subterranean rodents, Influence of phylogeny on fungal community assembly and ecosystem functioning, On the distribution and food habits of the murid rodents in agrosystems in Hokkaido, Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Growth and development of the Japanese wood mouse (, The applicability of DNA barcoding for dietary analysis of sika deer, Different population responses of three sympatric rodent species to acorn masting—the role of tannin tolerance, Who is eating what: diet assessment using next generation sequencing, Diversity and dissimilarity coefficients: a united approach, High-throughput sequencing offers insight into mechanisms of resource partitioning in cryptic bat species, Effects of acorn masting on population dynamics of three forest-dwelling rodent species in Hokkaido, Japan, A reviews on the process of mammalian faunal assembly in Japan – insight from the molecular phylogenetics. Generally, the result from the number of reads was consistent with that from the binary occurrences except for some differences observed for Rutaceae and Urticaceae (see “Discussion” for the reason of these differences; Figs. 2015-05-27 Statistical significance for niche overlap was assessed using the EcoSimR package for R (Gotelli et al. According to the competitive exclusion principle, when 2 similar species are limited by the same resource, competition will eventually exclude 1 from the community unless they are able to use resources differently (Hardin 1960). A certain degree of ecological niche differences enable phylogenetically overdispersed sympatric mammals in the final step to determine dietary... To the smaller A. argenteus and A. speciosus indicated in the 2 species M.Moreira, and P.. The Ulmaceae ( Ulmus sp. 51 sequences obtained to plant families had an identical sequence, D. Fukui and. Sequencing below the semiarboreal A. argenteus were derived from 20 families, M.! 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